A history of ultrasound physics and the properties of the transducer Research Paper

A history of ultrasound physical science and the properties of the transducer - Research Paper ExamplePrior to the second realism War, sonar, which is the technique of transmitting waves of sound through water and observing the echoes that return to characterize the objects that are submerse, was an inspiration to the pioneers of ultrasound investigators in exploring ways and in turn applying the medical diagnosis concepts. This paper will highlight the history of ultrasound and discuss the properties of transducers. recital of ultrasoundAccording to Orenstein, (2008) Pythagoras, popular for his theory about right-angled triangles was the pioneer of ultrasound, since he invented the sonometer, which was used to mull over musical sounds. Boethius (c. 480-c.525) was the first to give comparison between sound waves to waves that were produced when a pebble was dropped into calm water. Pierre Curie, a cut physicist discovered piezoelectricity in 1877, the moment that ultrasound was conceived. Later on, as Orenstein continues to assert, sonographic imaging was demonstrable by French professor and physicist Paul Lavengin. Many scientists had the desire to see inside the human soundbox and in turn developed probes and scopes for diagnosis and treatment during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For instance, the discovery of X-rays by William Conrad in 1865 played an important role in the history of ultrasound. Moreover, in 1912, when the Titanic sank epoch on its maiden voyage made people to be curious in abide bying submerged substances. Like many other technological advances, ultrasound also owes its development to the World War. Lavengin was called upon by the French government to develop an object that was able to detect the sub marines of the enemy during the World War One. The fraud he invented applied the piezoelectric effect he had learned as Curies student (Orenstein, 2008). The transducer is one of the near critical componenets of any diagno stic ultrasound system. There exists various types of ultrasound transducers that can be chosen prior to performing an ultrasound investigation, therefore, much attention should be accorded towards choosing the most suitable transducer for the ultrasound practise (Gibbs, Cole, & Sassano, 2009 p27). However, Lavengin did not complete the device he developed in 1917 so that it could be used during the set-back World War, but it indeed formed the basis of sonar detection that was developed in the World War II (Orenstein, 2008). In 1928, Sergei Sokolov, a Russian physicist made important suggestions that saw ultrasound world used for industrial purposes that included detecting flaws in metallic devices. Ultrasound is a new looking at in the field of medicine. For instance, in the 1920s and the 1930s, ultrasound was used by members of European football clubs as a physical therapy. Additionally, as reported by Orenstein, ultrasound was utilized in the sterilization of vaccines as wel l as for cancer therapy in conjunction with radiation therapy. Subsequently, in 1948, other ultrasound pioneers such(prenominal) as Douglas Howry subjected his efforts towards developing a B-mode equipment that compared pathology to cross-sectional anatomy. The late 60s and early 70s was the period of sonic boom. A 2D echo was pioneered by Klaus Bom. Don Baker, John Reid and Dennis Watkins were able to develop a pulsed Doppler in 1966, which was able to detect the flow of blood from the different corners of the heart. Real-time ultrasound was developed in

Membranophones Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Membranophones - Assignment ExampleNonetheless, the Greeks did not have much use of the drums, unlike the Romans who utilise it in their armies and in their orchestras. They, however, neglected the patterns and rhythms that the Africans had developed only if after their fall and invasion of the Moor, the rhythm was reinstated. The Moor used a different type of membrane for the drums. Unlike with the Africans who used animal skins, the Moor used the animal intestines. This made the drums make more explicit sounds unlike those of prior times, which formed the basis for the genesis of the physics of drums in the period of the Middle Ages. In the current age, however, we use metal strings instead of the animal intestines alongside other designs. The evolution of the advance(a) drum of bass originated from different parts of the world. For instance, the Indians used the bass drums and it was taken to Europe through the Turkish trade routes. It then became a main instrument in the Eur opean culture cod its super sound and application in daily routines. The Europeans then went into North America to set up colonies and used the drums in numerous situations. The incoming of the slaves from Africa led to the incorporation of the missing patterns and rhythm. I like the drum due to it bass effect and makes the sound have a masculine effect. I suppose I as well like the base since when I grew up, most of the music I used to listen to would be rated highly or lowly depending on the quality of the base and beats it had which resonates well with the beats of the drum.

Pyramid Business Structures In China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Pyramid Business Structures In China - Essay ExampleThis raise explores the basics of the profit business grammatical construction and checks how far the business model has deep rooted in the Chinese environment. It also analyses whether the pyramidal structure is beneficial or harmful to the Chinese economy through with(predicate) a case study on CITIC. Introduction A pyramid business structure has superstar person who is a sole dateler and proprietor of one or more organizations. The person and his firms control a chain of other business structures in various industries. Thus the person at the glide by of the pyramid is the indirect dominance of several small firms owned by a handful of his companies. This structure is widely prevalent in all the exploitation countries especially China. The owner at the top of the pyramid is capable of controlling the actions of every other company under their firms with little ornamentment through this method. such type of business stru cture is important for the massive appendage of huge corporate in the developing economies. But, developed countries like the USA efficiently controlled this model as early as the 1930s as it curbed the growth of small entrepreneurs and entrusted too much profit into sectored groups. The US government used various strategies like simulacrum taxation to control pyramidal business sector (Marck et al, 2005). ... Claessens, Djankov and Lang (2000) confirm nearly 38.7% huge public firms in East Asia are managed through pyramid ownership. The pyramid business structure enables the ultimate owner to invest less and control massive cash flow. Another principal(prenominal) advantage in this system is the firms controlled and the controller firms can share their resources in terms of capital, labour as well as revenue convertible to business groups. But, the owner will be free from paying heavy taxes to the government for the small firms as only a handful of major firms are under his dir ect control. These controlled firms are used for the public assistance of the owner in various ways. They can be discouraged from showing profits as the owner might need them to show losses to evade tax. These firms are run by the money invested by the common public or the shareholder who lack any control over these structures. This gap surrounded by control and cash investment paves way for tunnelling or which reduces the firms total value. Tunneling generally defined as the flip of assets or profits from the smaller country to the bigger companies for the ultimate benefit of the huge groups owner. Research done by various scholars in the occidental countries as well as the ontogeny eastern market suggests the same. Research done by La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, Shliefer and Vishny (2002) confirmed pyramid business structures pave way for tunnelling more than the other business structures after studying the top 27 economies in the western world. Claessens et al (2002) research i n East Asian economies confirms the same. Classens et at (1998) claims there are three main problems in pyramid business structure. They are

Teamwork Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teamwork Experience - Essay ExampleIt is also in partnership with Tacobell and Tapatio hot Sauce. I guess we decided on this since it is a favorite among college students. We later do a schedule on when we shall be meeting and how to handle our chosen topic. We concluded to break it guttle into its constituent subtopics such as the life cycle and maturity of Doritos, its competition, digital media and Doritos, improvements that could be made on the Doritos. I thought this was handled real nicely and almost professionally.During our meetings to come up with the report of our selected topics, members arrived o quantify. This was near(a) since it meant that time would be effectively managed and that we would cover more base during our scheduled time. As members started making their contributions, I realized that everybody had done somewhat research on our topics and sub topics. This was awesome. The squad leader had an easy time since we just considered the points brought forward , deeply researched and made draft copies of our presentation. Someone on the team was chosen to compile the drafts into a final copy that we would use and hand in for grading.There was a hiccup in our teamwork. This was caused by the fact that everyone wanted or rather seemed to be a team leader. To some extent, this is good, but to some other extent, it is completely wrong. We had chosen one team leader, but everyone else who thought they would make better team leaders overpowered him. One major effect of this that really dragged us behind in the teamwork was that it made our meetings very disorganized.The organization of meetings is of paramount importance (Gueldenzoph, 2008). This is because of the limited time of the school semester and because of the workload, we had to cover. There being no absolved set boundaries on the roles of each concourse member was a weakness on the part of the group and I wish we looked into this issue critically when forming the group. We could hav e allocated each